Plumbing problems are an inevitable part of homeownership. Whether it’s a slow-draining sink or a more severe issue with your water heater, dealing with plumbing mishaps can be frustrating and disruptive. While many minor issues can be handled with some basic tools and DIY knowledge, some problems require the expertise of a professional plumber. This article discusses five of the most common plumbing issues—clogged drains, leaky faucets, running toilets, low water pressure, and water heater issues—and offers guidance on how to address them while emphasizing when to call in a professional.
1. Clogged Drains
Clogged drains are one of the most frequent plumbing problems homeowners face. Kitchen sinks, bathroom drains, and shower drains are often the culprits due to the buildup of hair, soap scum, grease, and food particles.
DIY Fixes:
- Plunger: For minor clogs, using a plunger can help dislodge blockages. Ensure you cover the overflow hole if your sink has one, and create a tight seal before plunging.
- Drain Snake: A drain snake, or plumber’s auger, can be inserted into the drain to manually break up the blockage. This is effective for hair and small debris clogs.
- Baking Soda and Vinegar: If you prefer a natural solution, pour a mixture of baking soda and vinegar down the drain, followed by hot water. This can help dissolve minor clogs caused by grease or soap buildup.
When to Call a Professional Plumber:
- Persistent Clogs: If the clog doesn’t respond to DIY methods, it may be deeper in the pipes or caused by tree roots invading the sewer line. Professional plumbers have specialized tools like hydro-jetting equipment that can clear out tough clogs.
- Multiple Drains Backed Up: If more than one drain in your home is backing up, this could indicate a blockage in the main sewer line, which requires immediate professional attention to prevent sewage backup.
2. Leaky Faucets
A dripping faucet is not just annoying—it’s wasteful. Even a slow leak can waste hundreds of gallons of water per year, which can significantly increase your water bill.
DIY Fixes:
- Replace the Washer: In many cases, a leaky faucet is caused by a worn-out washer or O-ring. Replacing these components is often a simple process. First, shut off the water supply to the faucet, then disassemble the handle to access the internal parts. Once the washer is replaced, reassemble the faucet.
- Tighten the Components: Sometimes, the problem can be as simple as loose parts. Tightening the screws or nuts inside the faucet can stop minor leaks.
When to Call a Professional Plumber:
- Complex Faucet Models: If you have a more complex or high-end faucet, repairing it may require special tools or parts. A professional plumber will have the experience to handle different models and ensure the repair is done correctly without causing further damage.
- Hidden Leaks: If the faucet is still leaking after a DIY fix or if the leak appears to be coming from beneath the sink, there could be a problem with the plumbing connections. A professional can investigate and resolve the issue.
3. Running Toilets
A running toilet is another common plumbing issue that wastes a significant amount of water. A continuously running toilet can result from problems with the flapper valve, float, or fill tube.
DIY Fixes:
- Check the Flapper Valve: The flapper is a rubber valve that controls the release of water from the tank into the bowl. If it’s warped or damaged, it may not seal properly. Replacing the flapper is a simple and inexpensive fix.
- Adjust the Float: If the float is set too high, water will continuously enter the tank and overflow into the overflow tube. Adjusting the height of the float so that the water shuts off at the correct level can resolve the issue.
- Inspect the Fill Tube: Ensure that the fill tube is not inserted too far into the overflow tube, as this can cause water to flow continuously into the bowl.
When to Call a Professional Plumber:
- Complex Valve Issues: If replacing the flapper or adjusting the float doesn’t fix the issue, there may be a more complex problem with the fill valve or internal components. A plumber can diagnose and repair the issue to stop the water waste.
- Frequent Toilet Problems: If your toilet frequently runs or clogs, it may indicate a larger issue with the overall plumbing system, such as a problem with the pipes or sewer line, which requires professional attention.
4. Low Water Pressure
Low water pressure can make everyday tasks like showering or washing dishes frustrating. This issue may be localized to one fixture, or it could affect the entire home.
DIY Fixes:
- Clean the Aerator: If the low pressure is isolated to a single faucet, the problem may be caused by a clogged aerator. Unscrew the aerator from the faucet, clean out any debris or mineral deposits, and reinstall it.
- Check the Shut-Off Valves: Ensure that the main water shut-off valve is fully open. Sometimes low water pressure can result from a partially closed valve.
- Check for Leaks: A hidden leak in your plumbing system can reduce water pressure. Inspect visible pipes for signs of leaks, such as water stains or moisture buildup.
When to Call a Professional Plumber:
- Widespread Low Pressure: If the low water pressure affects multiple fixtures, there may be a problem with your home’s main water line, or the pipes could be corroded or blocked. A professional plumber can perform a more thorough inspection to identify the root cause.
- Pressure Regulator Issues: If your home has a pressure regulator, it may need adjustment or replacement. A plumber will have the tools to diagnose whether the pressure regulator is malfunctioning and will know how to fix or replace it.
5. Water Heater Issues
Problems with water heaters can range from a lack of hot water to strange noises coming from the tank. Because water heaters involve complex systems and high temperatures, they are often best left to professionals for repair.
DIY Fixes:
- Check the Thermostat: If your water heater isn’t producing enough hot water, check the thermostat setting. It should typically be set between 120–140°F. Adjusting the thermostat may resolve the issue if it’s set too low.
- Flush the Tank: Sediment buildup inside the water heater tank can reduce efficiency and cause strange noises. Flushing the tank once a year can help maintain its performance. However, be cautious with this process and consult the manufacturer’s instructions.
When to Call a Professional Plumber:
- Electrical or Gas Issues: If your water heater isn’t working due to a faulty heating element, gas supply issue, or electrical problem, call a professional plumber. Working with gas or electrical systems can be dangerous without proper training.
- Water Heater Replacement: If your water heater is more than 10–15 years old and requires frequent repairs, it may be time for a replacement. A plumber can help you choose the right model and install it safely.
Knowing When to Call a Professional
While some plumbing problems can be fixed with basic tools and DIY knowledge, others require the expertise of a professional plumber. Persistent clogs, complex faucet leaks, running toilets, low water pressure affecting multiple fixtures, and water heater issues involving gas or electricity are all situations where calling a plumber is the safest and most effective course of action. Regular maintenance and timely repairs can help prevent small plumbing problems from escalating into costly repairs down the line. When in doubt, it’s always best to consult a licensed plumber to ensure the job is done correctly and safely.
